History of Architecture & Human Evolution

History of Architecture & Human Evolution

Human Evolution

Prehistoric :  

Humans constructed earthen mounds, stone circles, megaliths, and structures - includes monumental structures such as Stonehenge, cliff dwellings in the Americas, and thatch and mud structures. 

Prehistoric and Historic

The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The branches of architecture are civil, sacred, naval, military, and landscape architecture.

Architectural Style

Ancient Egypt :

1. 3,050 BC to 900 BC
2. Powerful rulers constructed monumental pyramids, temples, and shrines.
3. Enormous structures such as the Pyramids of Giza were feats of engineering capable of reaching great heights.

Pyramids of Giza

Art work of Ancient Eypt

Greek :

1. Classical architecture was constructed in Ancient Greece between the 7th and 4th century BC. 
2. It is best known for its large religious temples built in stone, designed from principles of order, symmetry, geometry, and perspective.
3.  A notable characteristic of its expressiveness are the principles of the “architectural orders”: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.  

Parthenon, Acropolis

Roman :

1. Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architecturl style.

The Colosseum in Rome, Italy

Byzantine :

1. 527 to 565 AD
2. The capital of the Roman empire moved to Byzantium (now called Istanbul) in 330 AD.
3. Roman architecture evolved into a graceful, classically-inspired style.
4. Used brick instead of stone, domed roofs, elaborate mosaics, and classical forms.
5. Emperor Justinian (527 AD to 565 AD) led the way.

The Hagia Sophia

Romanesque :

1. 800 to 1200 AD
2. Heavier, stocky Romanesque architecture with rounded arches emerged.
3. Churches and castles of the early Medieval period were constructed with thick walls and heavy piers.

Iglesia de San Millán

Gothic :

1. 1100 to 1450 AD
2. Pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and other innovations led to taller, more graceful architecture.
3. Gothic ideas gave rise to magnificent cathedrals like Chartres and Notre Dame.

Kostel oostende katedrala

Rococo Architecture :

1. 1650 to 1790 AD
2. The last phase of the Baroque period.
3. Builders constructed graceful white buildings with sweeping curves.
4. Rococo buildings are elegantly decorated with scrolls, vines, shell-shapes, and delicate geometric patterns.

Kurfuerstliches Palais electoral palace

Renaissance Architecture :

1. 1400 to 1600 AD
2. Return to classical ideas ushered an "age of awakening" in Italy, France, and England.
3. Andrea Palladio and other builders looked the classical orders of ancient Greece and Rome.
4. Long after the Renaissance era ended, architects in the Western world found inspiration in the beautifully proportioned architecture of the period.

Florence Cathedral

Baroque :

1. 1600 to 1830 AD
2. The Baroque style is reflected in opulent and dramatic churches with irregular shapes and extravagant ornamentation.
3. In France, the highly ornamented Baroque style combines with Classical restraint.
4. Russian aristocrats were impressed by Versailles in France, and incorporated Baroque ideas in the building of St. Petersburg.
5. Elements of the elaborate Baroque style are found throughout Europe.

Chiesa del Gesù (church of gesu)

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❤Thank you❤

Writer: Pankaj Sonwane.

Bibliography:

 1) Photos and figures from google photos.

 2) Information from books.

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