Middle Ages and Islamic architecture

Islamic architecture

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent.

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem.

Taj Mahal in Agra, India.

Alhambra, Granada, Spain.

Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul.

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Middle Ages

In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents.

Notre Dame de Paris, France.

The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.

Notre Dame de Paris, France.

Notre Dame de Paris, France.

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 Thank you 

Writer: Pankaj Sonwane.

Bibliography:

 1) Photos from google photos.

 2) Information from books.